Primarily by exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties through the dephosphorylation of pro-inflammatory molecules like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and extracellular nucleotides. It also supports gut mucosal defense by inactivating bacterial pathogens and promoting healthy commensal bacteria. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) plays a crucial role in gut health, with exogenous IAP showing potential for treating inflammatory diseases and supporting the immune response in various conditions.